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Case Studies

Case Study: Modernizing a 3-Tier Web Application with GKE

Assess the Existing 3-Tier Architecture

Analyze the current 3-tier web application architecture, including the presentation, application, and database tiers.

Containerize the Application Components

Package the application components (web server, application server, and database) into Docker containers.

Deploy the Containerized Application to GKE

Leverage Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) to orchestrate and manage the containerized application components.

Implement CI/CD Pipelines

Establish a continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipeline to automate the build, test, and deployment process.

Enhance Observability and Monitoring

Implement comprehensive monitoring and observability solutions, such as Prometheus, Grafana, and Stackdriver.

Optimize for Resilience and Scalability

Leverage GKE features, such as auto-scaling, load balancing, and self-healing, to ensure high availability.

Escalating Costs, Growing Demands: A Need for Change

A leading online auto parts retailer faced a critical challenge: their cloud infrastructure was becoming a financial burden. After migrating to Google Cloud Platform (GCP), they found themselves struggling with high Windows licensing fees, inefficient scaling, and an application architecture that wasn't optimized for modern cloud environments.

As peak sales season approached, the stakes were high. The company needed a cost-effective solution that could scale seamlessly to meet demand—without compromising performance. However, their in-house team lacked experience with containerization, making a transition to Kubernetes daunting.

How could they modernize their infrastructure, reduce costs, and ensure resilience without disrupting their core business operations?

Project Overview

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Major Online Retailer

Client is a leading online retailer specializing in automotive parts, handling thousands of transactions yearly with a revenue stream in the nine figures.

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Enhance Scalability and Cost Efficiency

The client needed to reduce costs, enhance resilience, and complete the infrastructure transformation in time for the Q4 peak season.

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Urgent Need for Optimization

The challenge was to reduce costs, enhance resilience, and complete the infrastructure transformation in time for the Q4 peak season.

The client required a modern, cost-effective, and scalable infrastructure solution to support their high-volume online business and prepare for the upcoming peak season.

Challenges: Roadblocks to Cost Efficiency and Scalability

Before implementing a solution, the company faced several significant hurdles that were limiting their ability to scale efficiently and cost-effectively.

1. Skyrocketing Licensing and Infrastructure Costs

Following their migration to Google Cloud Platform (GCP), the company found themselves burdened with unexpected costs. Their application ran on Windows-based virtual machines (VMs), and the associated licensing fees were substantial. Even with cloud-native scaling capabilities, these costs made their infrastructure financially unsustainable.

2. Limited Kubernetes and Containerization Experience

The company recognized that Kubernetes (GKE) offered a path to greater scalability and efficiency, but their internal development team had little experience with containerized workloads. Moving from traditional VMs to a container-based architecture required rethinking their deployment strategy, optimizing applications for Kubernetes, and reworking development workflows.

3. Inefficient and Unreliable Scaling Strategies

The retailer's high-throughput, three-tier web application handled thousands of transactions per day. However, its scaling logic relied on CPU utilization as the primary metric—an approach that was proving ineffective. Auto-scaling often lagged behind real demand, leading to periods of under-provisioning or over-provisioning.

4. Complex Workflows Leading to Deployment Bottlenecks

The company's existing CI/CD pipeline was outdated, requiring manual intervention at multiple stages. This slowed down the development cycle, increased the risk of human error, and made it difficult to deploy changes quickly.

5. Risk of Downtime and Performance Degradation

With an impending peak sales season, any downtime or performance issues could directly impact revenue. Their existing infrastructure was not designed for rapid scaling, and any misstep in migration could introduce instability.

The Solution: A Cloud-Native Transformation for Cost Efficiency and Resilience

To overcome these challenges, we implemented a strategic modernization plan that leveraged containerization, automation, and intelligent scaling. The goal was to reduce costs, enhance scalability, and improve operational efficiency—without disrupting business continuity.

1. Containerization and Migration to Kubernetes (GKE)

To eliminate high Windows licensing costs, we transitioned the company's application from Windows-based virtual machines to a Linux-based Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) cluster. This shift not only removed the licensing burden but also unlocked the benefits of Kubernetes, including automated scaling, improved resource utilization, and better fault tolerance.

  • Refactoring legacy components to ensure compatibility with Kubernetes
  • Creating Dockerized environments to standardize deployment across development, staging, and production
  • Designing Kubernetes manifests for automated deployments and infrastructure as code (IaC)

2. CI/CD Automation for Seamless Deployments

The company's previous deployment process was slow and labor-intensive. To streamline this, we implemented a CI/CD pipeline using GitHub Actions and ArgoCD, enabling fully automated builds, testing, and deployments.

  • Automatic container image builds upon code commits
  • Integrated security scanning to catch vulnerabilities early
  • Continuous deployment to Kubernetes, reducing deployment times from hours to minutes

3. Intelligent Scaling with Custom Metrics

Since CPU-based scaling was ineffective, we developed a custom metric-driven scaling strategy tailored to the application's real-time transaction demands.

  • Application-level metrics such as request queue depth and response times
  • Custom horizontal pod autoscaling (HPA) based on business-driven thresholds
  • Predictive scaling models using historical traffic patterns

4. Cost Optimization with Spot Instances

To further cut infrastructure costs, we leveraged Google Cloud's preemptible VMs and spot instances, implementing workload-aware scheduling and fault-tolerant architectures.

This approach led to an estimated 90% reduction in compute costs.

5. Enhanced Resilience and High Availability

We designed the new architecture with built-in fault tolerance and redundancy:

  • Multi-zone Kubernetes deployments to ensure availability even if a regional failure occurred
  • Automated failover mechanisms to reroute traffic instantly in case of disruptions
  • Self-healing infrastructure, where Kubernetes automatically restarted failing services

The Results: Dramatic Cost Savings and Enhanced Performance

By implementing a cloud-native architecture, the company achieved significant improvements across cost, scalability, and operational efficiency. The results were immediate and impactful.

90%

Reduction in Compute Costs

By leveraging Linux-based containers and GCP spot instances, eliminating Windows licensing fees and intelligently utilizing spot instances.

56%

Reduction in Total Infrastructure Costs

Optimizations in scaling, workload distribution, and automation freed up budget for other critical business initiatives.

3. Faster, More Efficient Scaling

  • 40% reduction in resource waste by provisioning only what was needed
  • 50% faster response times during peak traffic, improving user experience
  • Seamless handling of high transaction volumes without over-provisioning

4. Zero Downtime During Peak Sales Season

With automated failover mechanisms, multi-zone Kubernetes deployments, and self-healing infrastructure, they experienced zero downtime even during peak sales events.

5. Deployment Time Reduced from Hours to Minutes

The new CI/CD pipeline revolutionized the company's deployment workflow. Updates that once took several hours of manual effort were now completed in minutes, with zero downtime.

  • Faster iteration on new features and bug fixes
  • Reduced human error and improved security through automated testing
  • A more agile development cycle, allowing quick response to market needs

A Future-Proofed, Scalable Foundation

With a fully modernized, cost-efficient, and highly scalable cloud infrastructure, the company is now positioned for long-term growth. Their operations are more resilient, their cloud spend is optimized, and their team can deploy faster than ever before.

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