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Disaster Recovery

The set of policies, tools, and procedures designed to enable recovery of critical IT infrastructure and systems following a natural or human-induced disaster.

Business ContinuityAlso called: "dr", "disaster recovery plan", "drp", "it disaster recovery"

Disaster recovery (DR) ensures business continuity by restoring technology systems after catastrophic events like cyberattacks, natural disasters, or infrastructure failures.

Why it matters

  • Extended downtime can cost businesses $5,600+ per minute on average.
  • Ransomware attacks make DR planning essential for every organization.
  • Compliance frameworks require documented DR procedures.
  • Customer expectations demand minimal service disruption.

Key metrics

  • RTO (Recovery Time Objective): Maximum acceptable downtime—how fast must you recover?
  • RPO (Recovery Point Objective): Maximum acceptable data loss—how recent must your backup be?
  • MTTR (Mean Time to Recovery): Average actual recovery time.
  • MTPD (Maximum Tolerable Period of Disruption): Point where business impact becomes unacceptable.

DR strategies (by RTO)

  • Backup and restore (hours/days): Restore from backups to new infrastructure.
  • Pilot light (minutes/hours): Core systems running in standby, scale up when needed.
  • Warm standby (minutes): Scaled-down copy of production ready to scale up.
  • Multi-site active/active (seconds): Traffic served from multiple locations simultaneously.

Essential components

  • Data backup: Regular, tested backups with offsite/cloud copies.
  • Documentation: Runbooks, contact lists, vendor information.
  • Communication plan: How to notify stakeholders during outages.
  • Alternative sites: Hot/warm/cold sites for operations.
  • Testing: Regular DR drills to validate procedures.

Cloud DR considerations

  • Multi-region deployments for resilience.
  • Infrastructure as Code for rapid reconstruction.
  • Database replication across availability zones.
  • Automated failover mechanisms.
  • Cost-benefit analysis of always-on standby vs. on-demand recovery.