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Malware

Malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems and data.

Threat IntelligenceAlso called: "malicious software", "malicious code"

Malware is an umbrella term for any software intentionally designed to cause harm, steal data, or compromise system integrity.

Common malware types

  • Ransomware: Encrypts data and demands payment for decryption keys.
  • Trojans: Disguise as legitimate software to trick users into installation.
  • Spyware: Secretly monitors user activity and steals sensitive information.
  • Worms: Self-replicating programs that spread across networks without user action.
  • Rootkits: Hide deep in the operating system to evade detection.
  • Adware: Displays unwanted advertisements and tracks browsing behavior.

Infection vectors

  • Phishing emails with malicious attachments or links.
  • Drive-by downloads from compromised websites.
  • Infected USB drives and removable media.
  • Exploiting unpatched software vulnerabilities.
  • Social engineering and fraudulent software installers.

How to defend against malware

  • Deploy endpoint protection with behavioral detection (EDR/XDR).
  • Keep all software and operating systems patched and updated.
  • Implement email security with attachment scanning and sandboxing.
  • Use application allowlisting for critical systems.
  • Train employees to recognize phishing and suspicious downloads.
  • Maintain offline, immutable backups for ransomware recovery.
  • Segment networks to contain malware spread.