CWE-1296: Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components

BaseIncomplete

The product's debug components contain incorrect chaining or granularity of debug components.

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Extended Description

For debugging and troubleshooting a chip, several hardware design elements are often implemented, including: Various Test Access Ports (TAPs) allow boundary scan commands to be executed. For scanning the internal components of a chip, there are scan cells that allow the chip to be used as a "stimulus and response" mechanism. Chipmakers might create custom methods to observe the internal components of their chips by placing various tracing hubs within their chip and creating hierarchical or interconnected structures among those hubs. Logic errors during design or synthesis could misconfigure the interconnection of the debug components, which could allow unintended access permissions.

Technical Details

Structure
Simple

Applicable To

Languages
VerilogVHDLNot Language-Specific
Platforms
Not OS-Specific

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CWE-1296: Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components?+

CWE-1296: Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components is a Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) entry maintained by MITRE. The product's debug components contain incorrect chaining or granularity of debug components. For debugging and troubleshooting a chip, several hardware design elements are often implemented, including: Various Test Access Ports (TAPs) allow boundary scan commands to be executed. For scanning the internal components of a chip, there are scan cells that allow the chip to be used as a "stimulus and response" mechanism. Chipmakers might create custom methods to observe the internal components of their chips by placing various tracing hubs within their chip and creating hierarchical or interconnected structures among those hubs. Logic errors during design or synthesis could misconfigure the interconnection of the debug components, which could allow unintended access permissions.

What are the security consequences of Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components?+

If exploited, CWE-1296 (Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components) it can compromise Confidentiality, Integrity, Access Control, Authentication, Authorization and Availability, leading to outcomes such as Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, Bypass Protection Mechanism, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Modify Memory and Modify Files or Directories.

How do you prevent or mitigate Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components?+

Recommended mitigations for CWE-1296 include: Ensure that debug components are properly chained and their granularity is maintained at different authentication levels.

How is Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components detected?+

CWE-1296 can be detected using Architecture or Design Review and Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation. Combining automated tooling with manual review typically yields the best coverage.

Which programming languages are affected by Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components?+

CWE-1296 commonly affects Verilog, VHDL and Not Language-Specific. Note that weaknesses are often language-agnostic patterns, so secure coding practices apply broadly.

What are real-world examples of Incorrect Chaining or Granularity of Debug Components?+

MITRE documents real CVEs mapped to CWE-1296, including CVE-2017-18347 and CVE-2020-1791. You can look up the full details of each CVE, including CVSS scores and remediation guidance, on our CVE Lookup tool.

What is the difference between a CWE and a CVE?+

A CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) like CWE-1296 describes a category of software weakness — the underlying flaw type. A CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) identifies a specific, real-world vulnerability in a particular product. In short, a CWE is the kind of mistake, and a CVE is an instance of that mistake being found in software.

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