CWE-762: Mismatched Memory Management Routines

VariantIncompleteExploit Likelihood: Low

The product attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource.

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Extended Description

This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as: The memory was allocated on the stack (automatically), but it was deallocated using the memory management routine free() (CWE-590), which is intended for explicitly allocated heap memory. The memory was allocated explicitly using one set of memory management functions, and deallocated using a different set. For example, memory might be allocated with malloc() in C++ instead of the new operator, and then deallocated with the delete operator. When the memory management functions are mismatched, the consequences may be as severe as code execution, memory corruption, or program crash. Consequences and ease of exploit will vary depending on the implementation of the routines and the object being managed.

Technical Details

Structure
Simple

Applicable To

Languages
CC++
Platforms

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CWE-762: Mismatched Memory Management Routines?+

CWE-762: Mismatched Memory Management Routines is a Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) entry maintained by MITRE. The product attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource. This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as: The memory was allocated on the stack (automatically), but it was deallocated using the memory management routine free() (CWE-590), which is intended for explicitly allocated heap memory. The memory was allocated explicitly using one set of memory management functions, and deallocated using a different set. For example, memory might be allocated with malloc() in C++ instead of the new operator, and then deallocated with the delete operator. When the memory management functions are mismatched, the consequences may be as severe as code execution, memory corruption, or program crash. Consequences and ease of exploit will vary depending on the implementation of the routines and the object being managed.

What are the security consequences of Mismatched Memory Management Routines?+

If exploited, CWE-762 (Mismatched Memory Management Routines) it can compromise Integrity, Availability and Confidentiality, leading to outcomes such as Modify Memory, DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart and Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands.

How do you prevent or mitigate Mismatched Memory Management Routines?+

Recommended mitigations for CWE-762 include: Only call matching memory management functions. Do not mix and match routines. For example, when you allocate a buffer with malloc(), dispose of the original pointer with free(). Use a language that provides abstractions for memory allocation and deallocation. Use a tool that dynamically detects memory management problems, such as valgrind.

Which programming languages are affected by Mismatched Memory Management Routines?+

CWE-762 commonly affects C and C++. Note that weaknesses are often language-agnostic patterns, so secure coding practices apply broadly.

What is the difference between a CWE and a CVE?+

A CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration) like CWE-762 describes a category of software weakness — the underlying flaw type. A CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) identifies a specific, real-world vulnerability in a particular product. In short, a CWE is the kind of mistake, and a CVE is an instance of that mistake being found in software.

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