Home/Glossary/Color Theory

Color Theory

Principles and guidelines for combining colors to create visually harmonious and effective designs.

DesignAlso called: "color harmony", "color combinations"

Color theory helps designers create accessible, appealing, and purposeful color schemes.

Color models

  • RGB: Additive (screens) - Red, Green, Blue.
  • CMYK: Subtractive (print) - Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black.
  • HSL: Hue, Saturation, Lightness (intuitive for designers).
  • Hex: Web standard (#FF5733).

Color harmonies

  • Complementary: Opposite on color wheel (high contrast).
  • Analogous: Adjacent colors (harmonious, low contrast).
  • Triadic: Three evenly spaced colors.
  • Monochromatic: Shades of single hue.

Accessibility

  • WCAG contrast ratios: 4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text.
  • Consider colorblindness (8% of men, 0.5% of women).
  • Don't rely on color alone to convey information.

Psychological associations

  • Red: Urgency, danger, passion.
  • Blue: Trust, calm, professionalism.
  • Green: Growth, nature, success.