CVE-2018-15719

Amcrest IPM-721S V2.420.AC00.16.R.20160909 devices allow an unauthenticated attacker to download the administrative credentials. If the firmware version V2.420.AC00.16.R 9/9/2016 is dissected using binwalk tool, one obtains a _user-x.squashfs.img.extracted archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that many of the binaries in the /usr folder. The binary "sonia" is the one that has the vulnerable function that sets up the default credentials on the device. If one opens this binary in IDA-pro one will notice that this follows a ARM little endian format. The function sub_436D6 in IDA pro is identified to be setting up the configuration for the device. If one scrolls to the address 0x000437C2 then one can see that /current_config is being set as an ALIAS for /mnt/mtd/Config folder on the device. If one TELNETs into the device and navigates to /mnt/mtd/Config folder, one can observe that it contains various files such as Account1, Account2, SHAACcount1, etc. This means that if one navigates to http://[IPofcamera]/current_config/Sha1Account1 then one should be able to view the content of the files. The security researchers assumed that this was only possible only after authentication to the device. However, when unauthenticated access tests were performed for the same URL as provided above, it was observed that the device file could be downloaded without any authentication.

VMware vSphere Data Protection (VDP) 5.5.x though 6.1.x has an SSH private key with a publicly known password, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain login access via an SSH session.

GE Healthcare Centricity Clinical Archive Audit Trail Repository has a default password of initinit for the (1) SSL key manager and (2) server keystore; (3) keystore_password for the server truststore; and atna for the (4) primary storage database and (5) archive storage database, which has unspecified impact and attack vectors.

Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager (CDM) in Unified CDM Platform Software before 4.4.2 has a hardcoded SSH private key, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access to the support and root accounts by extracting this key from a binary file found in a different installation of the product, aka Bug ID CSCud41130.

The Group Policy implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2 does not properly handle distribution of passwords, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive credential information and consequently gain privileges by leveraging access to the SYSVOL share, as exploited in the wild in May 2014, aka "Group Policy Preferences Password Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."

The device has a webserver that exposes a REST API authenticated with a token on the management network. By exploiting an OS command injection vulnerability an authenticated attacker can send arbitrary commands to the device that are executed with administrative permissions by the underlying operating system.

GD versions before 2.86 for Perl allow OS command injection and file overwrite via a 2-arg open() of filename arguments in _make_filehandle. GD::Image::_make_filehandle opens a filename argument with Perl's 2-arg open(), so a filename that begins or ends with a pipe ("| cmd", "cmd |") or begins with a redirect ("> path", ">> path") is run as a command or redirect rather than opened as a file. _make_filehandle is the single open path behind every filename-accepting constructor (new, newFromPng, newFromJpeg, and the rest); the in-memory *Data variants do not open a path and are unaffected. Any caller that forwards untrusted input to one of these constructors as a pathname can run an arbitrary command or truncate a file under the process UID.

Nefteprodukttekhnika BUK TS-G Gas Station Automation System 2.9.1 through 2.10.2 on Linux contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability (CWE-287) in the system configuration module. The /php/ajax-login.php endpoint returns userid=1 (administrator) in response to any HTTP POST request that supplies arbitrary credentials (e.g., action=dologin&login=<any_value>&pwd=<any_value>), and subsequent privileged endpoints under /php/ajax-main.php and /modules/* do not validate a server-side session. A remote unauthenticated attacker can invoke any administrative action exposed by the configuration module, including reading and modifying user rules, fuel tank gauges, fuel dispensers, relays, cash registers, bank terminals, fuel cards, price and customer displays, cash collection, and pricing rules.

OpenClaw before 2026.5.27 contains a state mutation vulnerability in node pairing reconnection that allows paired nodes to confuse approval scope decisions. Attackers can exploit reconnection logic to restore or present broader node authority than intended, potentially bypassing approval restrictions.

A logic error in OAuthRequestFilter rejects legitimate requests originating from the bound IP address, while blindly allowing requests from any other IP address. Enabling this security feature inadvertently creates an inverse security check. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fixes this issue.