CVE-2025-55161

8.6

HIGHCVSS v3.1 Base Score

6.47%

LOW RiskEPSS (91st percentile)

Stirling-PDF is a locally hosted web application that performs various operations on PDF files. Prior to version 1.1.0, when using the /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf endpoint to convert Markdown to PDF, the backend calls a third-party tool to process it and includes a sanitizer for security sanitization which can be bypassed and result in SSRF. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.0.

Published: 8/11/2025

Modified: 8/15/2025

Back to CVE Lookup

Vulnerability Summary

CVSS v3 Score

8.6HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

EPSS Score (Exploitation Probability)

6.47%LOW Exploitation Risk

91st percentile

This vulnerability has a 6.47% probability of being exploited in the next 30 days, ranking higher than 91% of all scored CVEs.

Related Vulnerabilities

Similar SeverityHIGH

CVE-2026-41091HIGH 7.8

Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Microsoft Defender allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

5/20/2026

CVE-2026-42897HIGH 8.1

Improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('cross-site scripting') in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

5/14/2026

CVE-2026-6973HIGH 7.2

An Improper Input Validation in Ivanti EPMM before versions 12.6.1.1, 12.7.0.1, and 12.8.0.1 allows a remotely authenticated user with administrative access to achieve remote code execution.

5/7/2026

CVE-2026-44116HIGH 8.6

OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the Zalo plugin's sendPhoto function that fails to validate outbound photo URLs through the SSRF guard. Attackers can bypass SSRF protection by providing malicious photo URLs to the Zalo Bot API, enabling unauthorized access to internal resources.

5/6/2026

CVE-2026-44115HIGH 8.8

OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 contains an exec allowlist analysis vulnerability allowing shell expansion hiding in unquoted heredoc bodies. Attackers can bypass allowlist validation by embedding shell expansion tokens in heredoc bodies to execute unapproved commands at runtime.

5/6/2026

Learn More

CVSS Calculator

View this score breakdown or calculate a custom score

Understanding CVSS Scoring

Learn how severity scores are calculated and what they mean

CVE Prioritization Guide

Best practices for deciding which vulnerabilities to address first

What is a CVE?

Essential guide to Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

CVE vs CWE Explained

Understand how CVEs relate to underlying weakness types