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CSV (Comma-Separated Values)

A simple file format for tabular data where each line is a row and columns are separated by commas.

Data FormatsAlso called: "comma-separated values", "csv file"

CSV is the universal format for data exchange between spreadsheets, databases, and applications.

Format rules

  • Each line is one record.
  • Fields separated by commas (or other delimiters).
  • Text fields with commas/quotes must be quoted.
  • First row often contains headers.

Example

Name,Email,Age
"Doe, John",[email protected],30
Jane Smith,[email protected],25

Challenges

  • No standard for encoding special characters.
  • Date/number formats vary by locale.
  • No built-in data types (everything is text).
  • Inconsistent delimiter usage (comma vs semicolon vs tab).

Best practices

  • Always include headers in first row.
  • Quote fields containing delimiters or newlines.
  • Use UTF-8 encoding for international characters.
  • Validate data after import.